체스 오프닝 :: 2006/12/26 00:54

/체스

체스는 주로 세 단계로 이루어집니다. 시작 단계는 오프닝이라 부르며 주로 중앙을 장악하고 기물들을 동원하는 단계입니다. 다음 단계는 미들 게잉이라 부르며 주로 상대방 킹에 대한 공격을 준비하고 실행하는 단계입니다. 끝으로 최종 단계는 서로 적은 수의 기물이 남은 상태로 엔드게임이라 부릅니다. 이 단계에서는 폰의 퀴닝이 중요한 전략입니다.

이 중에서도 오프닝 단계는 준비 단계이기 때문에 특히 중요하다고 할 수 있습니다. 오프닝이 잘못된 경우에는 몇 수 안에 게임이 끝나기도 합니다. 체스 게임은 자주 사용되는 오프닝에 따라 크게 세 가지 정도로 분류됩니다. 오픈(open) 게임, 세미 오픈(semi-open) 게임, 클로즈 게임이 그것입니다.

사용자 삽입 이미지사용자 삽입 이미지

오픈 게임이란 그림의 왼쪽과 같이 시작하는 게임을 말합니다. e4, e5로 시작되는 게임이죠. 이 게임의 특징은 킹 폰을 전진 시킴으로써 비숍과 퀸의 길이 열린다는 점 입니다. 또한 킹폰으로 중앙에 대한 영향력을 행사하게 됩니다. 흑 또한 대칭적인 위치의 e5를 전진 시킴으로써 동일한 장점을 얻게 됩니다.

클로즈 게임이란 오른쪽 그림과 같이 시작하는 게임입니다. 킹폰이 아닌 퀸폰을 전진시키는 것 입니다. 오픈 게임에 비해서 장점이 무엇이라고 생각 됩니까? 오픈 게임의 경우 킹 폰 전진 이후에 그것을 보호해줄 기물이 없습니다. 독립된 것이죠. 하지만 퀸 폰의 경우 폰이 전진하더라도 뒤에 퀸이 지키고 있기 때문에 시작과 동시에 보호를 할 수 있습니다. 또한 퀸사이드 비숍의 길이 열리는 장점도 가집니다.

사용자 삽입 이미지
백의 e4 이후에 흑이 e5가 아닌 다른 수를 놓는 게임을 세미 오픈 게임이라 부릅니다. 이렇게 두는 흑은 백과의 대칭성을 포기하고 다른 노림수나 작전을 구사하는 경우가 많습니다. 흑 입장에서 중앙에 대한 영향력을 포기하는 대신 측면 공격이나 함정으로 백의 실수를 유발시켜서 게임을 진행하는 경우가 많습니다.

물론 백이 e4, d4외의 수로 출발하는 경우도 있고, 백의 d4에 대해서 흑이 d5 외의 수로 대응하는 경우도 있습니다. 하지만 그러한 게임은 앞의 세 가지 게임에 비해서 널리 사용되는 형태는 아닙니다.

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